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Vitalik Buterin stated at ETHShanghai 2026 that Ethereum is exploring a recursive STARK memory pooling mechanism to alleviate the high gas consumption issues caused by quantum security, privacy protection, and network scalability. At present, the cost of anti quantum signature verification is 100000 to 300000 Gas, and transactions involving privacy proof consume hundreds of thousands to millions of Gas. The burden of on chain verification increases with the application of technology.